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英语常用语法:句子转折词的桥梁+ @( S4 R$ N1 @; v! O* u# z
/ n5 X/ u4 F3 v% ~7 f “They are wasting resources, for example, time, energy and money.”' F" k" p2 i8 a+ g
上面这句话不错,只是转折词“for example”不妥当;应该这样:0 S2 C# E( X" o3 \2 m. S. y
“They are wasting resources. For example, they use too much time, energy and money.”
+ `9 j3 [1 X5 ^9 y8 C$ U; ~( W 不然就要换一换转折词,改用“such as”或“like”:; _0 R' ^8 I; m! w
“They are wasting resources, such as (or like) time, energy and money.”
- m) k( H* j& W; E: a$ ~ 不管任何语言,转折词(transitional words)都扮演着一个重要角色,就是:承先启后,使句子紧凑,段落相吸,对文章结构,有良性作用。但是有些人几乎没有采用转折词的习惯,结果文句松散,上下文七零八乱,应该避免。& l: o2 f1 J- k4 D. q; P
现在把主要转折词,分类列下,供大家参考。9 }, M$ q2 }- c3 _# p
Ⅰ表示“尤有进者”的意思:: i7 N1 K+ F) b2 w
Again, also, then, besides, further, furthermore, moreover, next, in addition等,如:
. @4 ^; S, w2 U ① Jason teaches diligently. Besides, he writes a lot.7 C1 i8 T) Q7 Q3 l& r- s( p
② English is a useful language. For one thing, it is an official language in the UN. Then, it is widely used in business, science and technology.0 Y% _) L8 W& A
Ⅱ表示“反意见”:
+ i- u# z/ z" ~; G6 B8 X! ? But, however, still, yet, after all, for all that, in spite of, on the contrary, on the other hand等,如:
# V/ d# s, l p" ? M n ③ Jim is intelligent but lazy.
N; Q$ c: D$ o2 n1 G5 h ④ Singapore is not a big country.On the contrary, it is very small.
6 I+ z3 v- ]' ?" w( d* E. h+ { \ Ⅲ表示“困果关系”:$ a. t% ~( d# z& c3 U
Therefore, so, hence, thus, accordingly, consequently, as a result 等,如:2 a% R6 d. N, H
⑤ Some people are over-ambitious. As a result, they are usually unhappy.9 S- V8 s5 y8 F {( u" k6 U9 g
⑥ Tom did not work hard; hence, he failed.
' g2 b1 e; Q0 U T4 Q2 N0 p Ⅳ表示“比较关系”:
8 U8 `& U8 U& y3 c2 ]7 O- \ Likewise, similarly, in a like manner 等,如:
9 f, v( ~$ N ?# h ⑦ You cannot writes without a pen. Likewise, you cannot cook without rice.
2 [5 o4 u9 r9 W* \4 f ⑧ No one is allowed to speak Mandarin in an English class. Similarly, no one is allowed to speak English in a Mandarin class.
. E& A$ m' f3 ~ Ⅴ表示“举例示范”:
5 l" S$ V3 ]0 } For example, in other words, for instance, that is 等,如:- Y2 F) h+ p9 H& O
⑨ There are some common errors in his composition. For instance, it is wrong to use "he" to replace "the queen".
, C& d& q0 K& U) F* q Z( ~- P Ⅵ表示“结束”:
# `% }# T3 a, ]: w- I' [ To sum up, in brief, in short, on the whole, to conclude 等,如:7 y2 _; N8 C. i. b, K3 ^* a
⑩ Some say Singapore is a nice place to live in. Others say it is not so nice. It is too competitive. In short, some like Singapore; some do not.( Y$ C! b4 C7 {* P7 R! G
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